*** III. Disability, Health Status, and Health Care Utilization ***
Table 16.Percent and Number of Persons by Activity Limitation and Health
Status: United States, 1984-88
** Highlights
The overwhelming majority of persons in the population were not limited in
activity and were in good to excellent health (82.1 percent).
Of the remaining 17.9 percent of the population, 6.1 percent had both a
limitation in activity and were in fair or poor health, 7.7 percent were
limited in activity but in good to excellent health, and 4.1 percent were in
only fair or poor health but were not limited in activity.
The percentages of each of the groups who had an activity limitation and/or
fair or poor health increased with age. For persons 65 years of age and
older, 48.1 percent were limited in activity, in fair or poor health, or
both, compared to only 7.0 percent of persons under age 18. Persons 65 and
over were also more likely than their younger counterparts to be both limited
in activity and in fair or poor health.
Differences based on gender were relatively small when compared to other
demographic characteristics. About 83.0 percent of males and 81.2 percent of
females reported both good to excellent health and no activity limitation.
For persons in families with an annual income of $10,000 or less, nearly
one-third (32.6 percent) were limited in activity, in fair or poor health, or
both. The corresponding figures for persons with family incomes of $35,000
or more was 10 percent.
White persons were less likely to be limited in activity and in fair to poor
health than black persons, 17.5 percent versus 21.2 percent.
While persons with activity limitation and in fair to poor health made up
only 6.1 percent of the population, they comprised 36.6 percent of restricted
activity days, 19.8 percent of physician contacts, and 40.5 percent of the
short-stay hospital days (see source document, page 3).
** Explanatory Notes
Data in this table come from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a
continuous, cross-sectional nationwide survey conducted by household
interview. For a detailed description of the NHIS, see Table 1. Persons
with disabilities (activity limitation due to chronic conditions and
impairments) constitute a relatively small proportion of the population when
cross-classifying in terms of health status and demographic characteristics.
To reduce the associated sampling error, the NHIS sample for the five years
1984-88 was used, consisting of about 194,000 eligible households, containing
approximately 504,000 persons living at the time of the interview. The total
non-interview rate for NHIS was about 4.3 percent. Estimates were produced
by summing the frequencies for the five-year period and dividing by five.
Thus, the frequencies, percents and rates represent average annual estimates
for this five-year period and not estimates for the whole period.
The sampling errors associated with the estimates shown in this table may be
obtained by consulting Appendix I of the NCHS Current Estimates report for
1989 and using the appropriate formulas and the parameters for five years of
data shown in the Advance data report from which this data and text come.
Population estimates restricted to age, sex, or race categories are adjusted
to U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates and therefore have no sampling
variation.
Table 16. Average Annual Percent Distribution and Number of Persons by
Limitation of Activity Due to Chronic Conditions and Respondent-Assessed
Health Status, According to Selected Socio-demographic Characteristics:
United States 1984-88
Limited in Activity Not Limited In Activity
Fair or Good to Fair or Good to
Poor Excellent Poor Excellent
Characteristic Total (1) Health Health Health Health Total (2)
************** Percent Distribution **************
All persons (3) 100.0 6.1 7.7 4.1 82.1 236,122
Age (years)
Under 18 100.0 0.9 4.2 1.9 93.0 63,035
Under 5 100.0 0.7 1.6 2.3 95.5 18,154
5-17 100.0 1.0 5.3 1.7 92.0 44,882
18-44 100.0 2.6 5.9 3.2 88.3 100,740
18-24 100.0 1.2 4.5 2.9 91.4 26,790
25-44 100.0 3.1 6.4 3.4 87.2 73,950
45-64 100.0 12.3 10.6 5.9 71.2 44,788
65 and over 100.0 21.1 17.3 9.7 52.0 27,558
65-69 100.0 20.5 17.5 6.9 55.1 9,477
70-74 100.0 18.4 13.9 11.7 56.0 7,485
75 and over 100.0 23.5 19.4 10.7 46.4 10,597
Sex and Age
Male, all ages 100.0 5.6 7.7 3.7 83.0 114,181
Under 5 100.0 0.7 1.8 2.5 95.0 9,290
5-17 100.0 1.1 6.2 1.5 91.2 22,936
18-24 100.0 1.1 5.0 2.2 91.7 13,082
25-44 100.0 2.8 6.9 2.8 87.6 36,172
45-64 100.0 11.8 10.2 5.7 72.4 21,347
65 and over 100.0 21.0 16.7 10.0 52.4 11,354
Female, all ages 100.0 6.6 7.6 4.5 81.2 121,941
Under 5 100.0 0.6 1.5 2.0 95.9 8,864
5-17 100.0 0.9 4.2 1.9 92.9 21,946
18-24 100.0 1.3 4.1 3.6 91.0 13,708
25-44 100.0 3.3 6.0 3.9 86.8 37,778
45-64 100.0 12.7 11.0 6.1 70.2 23,441
65 and over 100.0 21.1 17.7 9.4 51.8 16,204
Race and Age
White, all ages 100.0 5.8 8.0 3.7 82.4 200,424
Black, all ages 100.0 8.7 5.8 6.7 78.8 28,543
Family Income
< $10,000 100.0 14.8 10.6 7.2 67.4 33,392
$10,000-$19,999 100.0 8.0 8.7 5.5 77.8 45,832
$20,000-$34,999 100.0 3.7 7.0 3.2 86.1 62,655
$35,000 or more 100.0 2.0 6.1 1.9 90.0 62,667
1 Excludes persons whose health status was not assessed.
2 Includes persons whose health status was not assessed.
3 Includes persons of races other than white or black and persons
with unknown family income.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1984-88 National Health
Interview Survey, Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics,
Number 197.
Table 17:Restricted Activity Days by Activity Limitation and Health Status:
United States, 1984-88
** Highlights
The estimated number of restricted activity days per person annually ranges
from a low of 7.4 days for those with good to excellent health and no
activity limitation, to a high of 88.2 days for those with both activity
limitation and fair to poor health status.
The average annual number of restricted activity days per year was similar
for the two mixed groups -- those with limitation in activity but good to
excellent health (28.5 days per person), and those without a limitation but
fair to poor health (26.3 per person). The same pattern existed for the
number of physician contacts (Table 18) and short-stay hospital days (Table
19) as well. This suggests that for these three measures of morbidity
(restricted activity days, physician contacts, and short-stay hospital days)
health status and disability status have similar effects.
As with other measures of disability, the number of restricted activity days
increased with age, low income status, and for females and black persons.
** Explanatory Notes
A restricted activity day is a day on which a person stays in bed, misses
work or school, or cuts down on his or her usual activity because of illness,
impairment, or injury. For a detailed description of restricted activity
days, see Table 14.
Unlike Table 14 which uses condition days, Table 17 measures restricted
activity in person days. Also, contrary to Table 14 where the restricted
activity shown is caused only by chronic conditions, the Table 17 figures
include days associated with chronic conditions, acute conditions, or both.
However, according to the source document, inclusion of acute conditions does
not affect the strong, positive correlation between activity limitation
(long-term disability) and restricted activity.
Data in this table come from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for
the years xscroll-down 1984-88. For a detailed description of the NHIS see
Table 1. For a description of this sample, see Table 16.
For another perspective on this subject, using the 1984 Survey of Income and
Program Participation (SIPP), see Tables O and P in the introduction.
Table 17. Average Annual Number Per Person Per Year and Number of
Restricted-Activity Days, by Limitation of Activity Due to Chronic
Conditions, Respondent-Assessed Health Status, and Selected
Sociodemographic Characteristics: United States, 1984-88
Limited in Activity Not Limited In Activity
Fair or Good to Fair or Good to
Poor Excellent Poor Excellent
Characteristic Total (1) Health Health Health Health Total (1)
********** Number Per Person Per Year *************
All persons (2) 14.8 88.2 28.5 26.3 7.4 3,492,089
Age (years)
Under 5 10.2 84.4 24.9 34.6 8.8 184,942
5-17 8.8 56.9 18.0 22.2 7.5 395,341
18-24 9.6 71.4 25.0 26.9 7.5 258,194
25-44 12.1 91.5 31.3 27.7 7.3 897,053
45-64 19.8 88.6 29.7 21.4 6.3 886,192
65 and over 31.6 90.1 30.7 29.7 8.4 870,369
Sex and Age
Male, all ages 12.9 83.2 25.6 23.2 6.5 1,468,806
Under 5 10.3 81.4 25.9 33.8 8.8 95,678
5-17 8.2 52.3 16.4 21.0 6.9 186,981
18-24 7.7 67.1 22.4 21.2 5.8 100,399
25-44 10.4 90.4 28.3 21.9 6.1 377,990
45-64 18.2 85.1 29.3 19.9 5.6 389,108
65 and over 28.1 82.3 25.9 26.9 7.0 318,651
Female, all ages 16.6 92.2 31.2 28.8 8.3 2,023,283
Under 5 10.1 87.9 23.7 35.5 8.8 89,263
5-17 9.5 62.4 20.6 23.1 8.2 208,360
18-24 11.5 75.3 28.0 30.2 9.1 157,795
25-44 13.7 92.5 34.6 31.7 8.5 519,063
45-64 21.2 91.5 30.1 22.7 6.9 497,084
65 and over 34.0 95.5 33.9 31.8 9.4 551,718
Race and Ages
White, all ages 14.7 87.7 28.1 27.3 7.6 2,943,152
Black, all ages 16.7 89.8 32.6 24.3 6.8 477,113
Family Income
< $10,000 25.2 94.7 31.7 28.7 8.5 841,379
$10,000 - $19,999 16.9 85.1 28.9 25.8 7.9 772,558
$20,000 - $34,999 12.4 83.6 26.6 24.1 7.7 776,856
$35,000 or more 10.0 82.8 26.8 25.5 6.9 627,806
1 Includes persons whose health status was not assessed.
2 Includes persons of races other than white or black and persons
with unknown family income.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1984-88 National Health
Interview Survey, Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics,
Number 197.
Table 18:Physician Contacts by Activity Limitation and Health Status:
United States, 1984-88
** Highlights
Physician contacts range from 3.8 per person per year for those not limited
in activity and in good health, to 17.1 per person per year for those who
were limited in activity and in fair to poor health.
The average annual number of physician contacts per year was similar for the
two mixed groups - those with limitation in activity but good to excellent
health (9.5 contacts per person), and those without a limitation but fair to
poor health (8.8 contacts per person). The same pattern existed for the
number of restricted activity days (Table 17) and short-stay hospital days
(Table 19) as well. This suggests that for these three measures of morbidity
(restricted activity days, physician contacts, and short-stay hospital days)
health status and disability status have similar effects.
Persons with annual family incomes below $10,000 who were both limited in
activity and in fair to poor health were less likely to use physician
services than their counterparts with incomes of $35,000 or over (16.0 versus
22.9 contacts). This was in spite of the fact that low income is associated
with disability, and disability is associated with utilization of physician
services. A similar pattern existed for those of advanced age and black
persons.
** Explanatory Notes
A physician contact is defined as a contact with a physician or a medical
assistant working under the supervision of a physician for the purposes of
treatment, diagnosis, or consultation. Contacts of this nature over the
telephone are included, but contacts with medical personnel while an
overnight patient in a hospital are not. Visits to a hospital clinic or
emergency room are included.
Data in this table come from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for
the years 1984-88. For a detailed description of the NHIS, see Table 1. For
a description of this sample, see Table 16.
For another perspective on this subject, using the 1984 Survey of Income and
Program Participation (SIPP), see Tables O and P in the introduction.
Table 18. Average Annual Number Per Person Per Year and Number of
Physician Contacts, by Limitation of Activity Due to Chronic Conditions,
Respondent-Assessed Health Status, and Selected Sociodemographic
Characteristics: United States, 1984-88
Limited in Activity Not Limited In Activity
Fair or Good to Fair or Good to
Poor Excellent Poor Excellent
Characteristic Total (1) Health Health Health Health Total (1)
********** Number Per Person Per Year *************
All persons (2) 5.3 17.1 9.5 8.8 3.8 1,244,439
Age (years)
Under 5 6.6 28.2 14.3 14.8 6.1 119,676
5-17 3.3 16.4 7.7 6.6 2.8 146,154
18-24 4.2 17.2 8.5 9.2 3.6 111,521
25-44 4.8 20.1 9.9 9.6 3.7 355,082
45-64 6.1 16.9 9.6 7.5 3.7 275,332
65-74 8.0 15.8 9.7 8.7 4.7 135,885
75 and over 9.5 16.2 10.1 9.4 5.9 100,788
Sex and Age
Male, all ages 4.4 15.6 8.1 7.7 3.2 503,891
Under 18 4.2 19.4 8.1 9.5 3.8 136,841
18-44 3.3 17.0 7.5 7.2 2.5 162,419
45-64 5.3 15.4 8.2 6.6 3.1 113,258
65 and over 8.0 14.7 9.1 8.7 4.9 91,374
Female, all ages 6.1 18.3 10.8 9.6 4.4 740,548
Under 18 4.2 18.3 8.9 9.4 3.8 128,989
18-44 5.9 22.0 12.0 11.0 4.8 304,185
45-64 6.9 18.1 10.8 8.2 4.1 162,075
65 and over 9.0 16.8 10.4 9.2 5.2 145,299
Race and Age
White, all ages 5.4 17.6 9.6 9.4 4.0 1,085,630
Black, all ages 4.6 15.0 8.7 6.9 3.0 132,190
Family Income
< $10,000 6.5 16.0 8.9 8.2 3.8 216,542
$10,000 - $19,999 5.3 15.9 9.2 8.2 3.6 245,088
$20,000 - $34,999 5.1 19.0 10.1 9.5 3.9 318,026
$35,000 or more 5.1 22.9 10.3 12.0 4.2 321,016
1 Includes persons whose health status was not assessed.
2 Includes persons of races other than white or black and persons
with unknown family income.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1984-88 National Health
Interview Survey, Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics,
Number 197.
Table 19. Average Annual Number per 100 Persons per Year and Number of
Short-Stay Hospital Days by Activity Limitation due to Chronic Conditions and
Respondent-Assessed Health Status, and Selected Sociodemographic
Characteristics: United States, 1984-88.
** Highlights
Persons not limited in activity who were in good to excellent health had 33.2
hospital days per 100 persons per year, compared to 530.2 for those limited
in activity and in fair to poor health.
The average annual number of short-stay hospital days per year was similar
for the two mixed groups -- those with limitation in activity but good to
excellent health (175.9 days per person), and those without a limitation but
fair to poor health (167.0 days per person). The same pattern existed for
the number of restricted activity days (Table 17) and physician contacts
(Table 18) as well. This suggests that for these three measures of morbidity
(restricted activity days, physician contacts and short-stay hospital days)
health status and disability status have similar effects.
For those limited in activity and in fair to poor health, children under five
years of age had more short-stay hospital days per 100 persons (1,582.2) than
any other age group shown in the table.
Despite of their limitation in activity and poor health status, persons with
family incomes below $10,000 had fewer short-stay hospital days than their
higher income counterparts in this group.
** Explanatory Notes
Hospital days are the number of nights a person spent as an admitted patient
in a short-stay hospital.
Data in this table come from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for
the years 1984-88. For a detailed description of the NHIS, see Table 1. For
a description of this sample, see Table 16.
For another perspective on this subject, using the 1984 Survey of Income and
Program Participation (SIPP), see Tables O and P in the introduction.
Table 19. Average Annual Number Per 100 Persons Per Year and
Number of Short-Stay Hospital Days, by Limitation of Activity Due to
Chronic Conditions, Respondent-Assessed Health Status, and
Selected Sociodemographic Characteristics: United States, 1984-88
Limited in Activity Not Limited In Activity
Fair or Good to Fair or Good to
Poor Excellent Poor Excellent
Characteristic Total (1) Health Health Health Health Total (1)
********** Number Per 100 Persons Per Year *************
All Persons (2) 80.2 530.2 175.9 167.0 33.2 189,252
Age (years)
Under 5 51.7 1,582.2 220.0 321.7 31.9 9,387
5-17 20.2 345.6 88.5 65.3 11.8 9,045
18-24 47.2 476.8 146.8 134.3 33.9 12,648
25-44 58.4 466.5 149.9 136.4 34.3 43,153
45-64 110.7 489.8 168.8 130.0 34.9 49,558
65-74 207.6 570.6 219.1 242.4 69.9 35,211
75 and Over 285.5 613.9 306.1 253.6 119.1 30,251
Sex and Age
Male, all Ages 75.5 600.5 171.3 178.8 26.4 86,161
Under 18 28.0 378.2 96.5 137.3 18.4 9,038
18-44 41.4 522.9 144.8 107.2 19.1 20,399
45-64 128.6 612.0 203.6 163.3 36.5 27,461
65 and Over 257.7 655.7 241.1 297.7 93.1 29,263
Female, All Ages 84.5 474.7 180.2 158.1 39.8 103,091
Under 18 30.5 871.4 113.4 171.9 17.0 9,394
18-44 68.8 422.7 154.3 154.5 48.7 35,402
45-64 94.3 387.1 139.5 101.8 33.3 22,096
65 and Over 223.4 542.7 267.2 209.9 82.3 36,200
Race and Age
White, All Ages 79.4 529.1 174.6 178.7 33.6 159,105
Black, All Ages 95.7 549.5 205.4 136.7 34.0 27,316
Family Income
< $10,000 136.4 495.1 213.4 163.1 43.0 45,530
$10,000 - $19,999 98.9 540.1 179.2 183.1 38.5 45,337
$20,000 - $34,999 63.7 570.4 150.0 155.1 31.4 39,939
$35,000 or More 45. 531.4 128.0 145.0 27.4 28,757
1 Includes persons whose health status was not assessed.
2 Includes persons of races other than white or black and persons
with unknown family income.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1984-88 National Health
Interview Survey, Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics,
Number 197.
Table 20. Persons Using Special Aids for Getting Around, by Age and Sex:
Civilian Non- institutionalized Population: United States, 1977, and Types of
Special Equipment Used by Persons Who Need Assistance in Basic Life
Activities, 1987
** Highlights
As shown in Table 20A on the facing page, in 1977 nearly 6.5 million
non-institutionalized persons, or 30 out of every one thousand, were using
one or more special aids for getting around. Of these persons, close to 1.2
million required two or more aids. Total rates of usage varied from a low of
11.2 per thousand in the 15-44 age group to a high of 224 per thousand in the
75 and older age group.
The most common type of mobility aid was a cane or walking stick, used by 2.7
million persons or 13 per thousand. Special shoes were the second most
common type of mobility aid. They were used by 1.5 million persons or 7.0
per thousand. Special shoes were the only aid whose usage among children
under 15, at 11 per thousand, approached the usage by persons 65 and older.
Here the usage by the elderly was only marginally higher than that by
children.
Only one of the ten individual types of aid had its highest usage rate in an
age group other than 65 and over. Braces other than leg or foot were used by
11 per thousand persons 45-64 compared to 8.8 per thousand among the elderly.
Braces of this variety were the third most common type of special aid, used
by one million persons.
In general, men and women showed very similar frequencies and patterns of
usage. The most striking exceptions were artificial limbs, used more
frequently by men, and walkers, used more often by women. The former
difference presumably reflects the higher accident rate among men while the
latter may arise from the relatively higher proportion of women than men at
advanced ages.
As shown in Table 20C, below, in 1987 over 5.3 million persons who had
difficulty performing basic life activities (ADLs and IADLs) used one or more
of the listed assistive devices. Of this total, more than 3.3 million used a
walker, cane, or crutches, about 2.3 million used grab-bars or railings,
approximately 1.4 million used a seat in the shower or tub, and nearly 1.1
million used a wheelchair.
** Explanatory Notes
The data presented in Tables 20A and 20B are based on information collected
in a special supplement to the 1977 National Health Interview Survey,
conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. For a brief
description of the National Health Interview see the explanatory notes to
Table 1. This table appeared in the 1984 version of the Digest (see
acknowledgments page at the beginning of this publication). This study was
repeated in the 1990 NHIS, data from which was not available when this Digest
was produced.
The data presented in Table 20C come from a recent summary tabulation of
Round 1 of the National Medical Expenditure Survey conducted in 1987. This
round of the survey was designed to be representative of the total civilian
non-institutionalized U.S. population (all ages).
Table 20A. Persons Using Special Aids for Getting Around, by Age and Sex:
Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population: United States, 1977
Persons Using 1 or More Special Aids
Age and Sex Total 1 Type Only 2 or More Types
Thousands of persons 6,459 5,292 1,167
using special aids
SEX
Male 3,106 2,519 586
Female 3,353 2,773 581
AGE
Under 15 years 732 651 81
15-44 years 1,067 906 161
45-64 years 1,674 1,333 342
65 years and over 2,985 2,401 584
65-74 years 1,194 913 281
75 years and over 1,791 1,488 303
Number using aids per 30.4 24.9 5.5
1,000 population
SEX
Male 30.3 24.6 5.7
Female 30.5 25.3 5.3
AGE
Under 15 years 14.2 12.6 1.6
15-44 years 11.2 9.5 1.7
45-64 years 38.6 30.7 7.9
65 years and over 134.1 107.8 26.2
65-74 years 83.7 64.0 19.7
75 years and over 223.7 185.8 37.8
* Figure has low statistical reliability or precision (relative
standard error exceeds 30 percent).
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1977 National Health
Interview Survey, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10,
No. 135, Tables 1 and 2.
Note: The 1990 National Health Interview Survey included a
supplement on assistive devices, and published data should be
available from NCHS in 1992.
Table 20B. Persons Using Special Aids for Getting Around, by Age and Sex:
Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population: United States, 1977
Persons Using Individual Types of Special Aids
Artificial
* Brace * Limb
Cane or Leg Leg Arm Other
Walking Special or Wheel or or Mobility
Stick Shoes Foot Other Walker Chair Crutches Foot Hand Aid
Thousands of persons
using special aids
2,714 1,492 398 1,004 689 645 613 205 66 205
SEX
Male 1,239 732 241 539 203 294 348 146 49 124
Female 1,475 760 157 465 486 351 265 60 16* 81
AGE (years)
Under 15 0* 572 76 51 22* 47 50 13* 6* 21*
15-44 153 265 133 296 26* 116 211 46 11* 36
45-64 550 401 119 460 93 148 202 82 26* 79
65 and over 2,011 253 70 196 549 334 151 64 22* 68
65-74 723 162 44 134 168 151 97 40 9* 32*
75 + 1,287 92 27* 62 381 183 54 24* 13* 37
Number using aids per
1,000 population
12.8 7.0 1.9 4.7 3.2 3.0 2.9 1.0 0.3 1.0
SEX
Male 12.1 7.2 2.4 5.3 2.0 2.9 3.4 1.4 0.5 1.2
Female 13.4 6.9 1.4 4.2 4.4 3.2 2.4 0.5 0.1* 0.7
AGE (years)
Under 15 0.0* 11.1 1.5 1.0 0.4* 0.9 1.0 0.3* 0.1* 0.4*
15-44 1.6 2.8 1.4 3.1 0.3* 1.2 2.2 0.5 0.1* 0.4
45-64 12.7 9.2 2.7 10.6 2.1 3.4 4.7 1.9 0.6* 1.8
65 and over 90.3 11.4 3.1 8.8 24.7 15.0 6.8 2.9 1.0* 3.1
65-74 50.7 11.4 3.1 9.4 11.8 10.6 6.8 2.8 0.6* 2.2*
75 + 160.7 11.5 3.4* 7.7 47.6 22.9 6.7 3.0* 1.6* 4.6
* Figure has low statistical reliability or precision (relative
standard error exceeds 30 percent).
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 1977 National Health
Interview Survey, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10,
No. 135, Tables 1 and 2.
Note: The 1990 National Health Interview Survey included a
supplement on assistive devices, and published data should be
available from NCHS in 1992.
Table 20C. Types of Special Equipment Used by Persons
Who Need Assistance in Basic Life Activities, 1987
Type of Equipment Number of Persons (in thousands)
Walker, Cane or Crutches 3,332
Grab-bars or Railings 2,337
Seat in Shower or Tub 1,415
Wheelchair 1,072
Any Equipment 5,321
Source: 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, Round 1, as presented in
LaPlante, M. P. and Miller, K. S., "People with Disabilities in
Basic Life Activities," Disability Statistics Abstract (National
Institute on Disability and Rehabilation Research, 1992),
Figure 2.
Table 21 .Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases and Deaths,
According to Age at Diagnosis, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity: United States,
1984-90 (Data are based on reporting by state health departments)
** Highlights
During 1989, 33,710 adolescent and adult AIDS cases were reported, 88 percent
of which were males. Another 605 cases were reported among children under 13
years of age.
Among the black non-Hispanic and American Indian population, the number of
incident cases of AIDS tripled between 1986 and 1989 for those 13 years of
age and older. For the white non-Hispanic, Hispanic, and Asian population,
the increase was between 2.4 and 2.6 times.
A total of 147,525 AIDS cases have been reported through September 30, 1990
among which there have been 90,914 deaths.
For males, the age group with the largest number of cases is 30 to 39 years
(46.8 percent of all cases) followed by 40 to 49 years (22.8 percent of all
cases) and 20 to 29 years (19.7 percent of all cases). This pattern has
remained relatively consistent across the reporting periods.
For females, the age groups with the highest number of cases is also 30 to 39
years (47.2 percent of all cases); however, the second group is 20 to 29
years (26.6 percent of all cases) followed by those 40 to 49 years (14.4
percent of all cases). The relative order has remained the same for all
reporting periods.
The distribution of both cases and deaths among the demographic groups is,
understandably, similar.
** Explanatory Notes
Current estimates of the total number of persons infected with HIV in the
United States range from 800,000 to 1.3 million.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance is conducted by health
departments in each state, territory and the District of Columbia. These
tables exclude residents of U.S. Territories. The AIDS case definition was
changed in September 1987 to allow for the presumptive diagnosis of
AIDS-associated diseases and conditions and to expand the spectrum of human
immunodeficiency virus-associated diseases reportable as AIDS.
The first table presents data on persons ever diagnosed with AIDS; the second
table shows the corresponding number of deaths.
Table 21. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases,
According to Age at Diagnosis, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 1984-90
(Data are based on reporting by state health departments)
Age (years)
at Diagnosis, Sex,
and Race/Ethnicity
(1,2) (1,2)
All All
Years 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Years
********** Number, by Year of Report *********** Percent
Total (3) 147,525 4,436 8,181 13,123 21,114 30,850 33,710 33,215 ...
Male
All Males, 13 and over (3)
131,390 4,110 7,530 11,967 19,114 27,234 29,728 29,050 100.0
White, not Hispanic
79,414 2,602 4,788 7,506 12,336 16,155 17,575 16,865 60.4
Black, not Hispanic
33,831 949 1,712 2,762 4,326 7,153 8,086 8,156 25.7
Hispanic
16,797 537 973 1,588 2,256 3,663 3,710 3,696 12.8
American Indian (4)
183 3 6 19 23 30 52 49 0.1
Asian or Pacific Islander (5)
844 16 49 79 126 167 210 192 0.6
13-19 419 17 29 44 70 87 89 75 0.3
20-29 25,941 844 1,477 2,483 3,827 5,494 5,769 5,484 19.7
30-39 61,462 1,982 3,606 5,644 8,883 12,683 13,933 13,477 46.8
40-49 29,993 896 1,657 2,551 4,286 6,119 6,832 7,060 22.8
50-59 9,918 306 600 922 1,462 2,012 2,258 2,148 7.5
60 and over 3,657 65 161 323 586 839 847 806 2.8
Female
All females, 13 and over (3)
13,666 276 523 971 1,679 3,047 3,377 3,599 100.0
White, not Hispanic
3,852 78 142 272 544 856 948 969 28.2
Black, not Hispanic
7,531 142 284 524 892 1,654 1,892 2,042 55.1
Hispanic
2,147 56 93 162 229 502 498 560 15.7
American Indian (4)
29 -- 3 1 3 5 9 7 0.2
Asian or Pacific Islander (5)
75 -- 1 8 11 22 19 12 0.5
13-19 132 4 4 12 11 24 29 45 1.0
20-29 3,636 95 175 277 479 779 884 868 26.6
30-39 6,450 129 232 449 748 1,508 1,624 1,689 47.2
40-49 1,971 25 49 130 228 413 511 593 14.4
50-59 731 6 26 47 91 146 172 229 5.3
60 and Over 746 17 37 56 122 177 157 175 5.5
Children
All Children, under 13 (3)
2,469 50 128 185 321 569 605 566 100.0
White, not Hispanic
565 10 25 42 85 151 115 127 22.9
Black, not Hispanic
1,352 28 84 106 162 302 342 300 54.8
Hispanic
531 12 19 36 71 111 140 135 21.5
American Indian (4)
5 -- -- -- 2 -- 2 1 0.2
Asian or Pacific Islander (5)
12 -- -- 1 1 4 3 3 0.5
Under 1 629 6 32 36 8 160 140 160 25.5
1-12 1,840 44 96 149 232 409 465 406 74.5
1 Includes cases prior to 1984.
2 Data are as of September 30, 1990, and reflect reporting delays.
3 Includes all other races not shown separately.
4 Includes Aleut and Eskimo.
5 Includes Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian (includes part
Hawaiian), and other Asian or Pacific Islander.
Notes: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to
allow for the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and
conditions and to expand the spectrum of human immunodeficiency
virus-associated diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of
U.S. territories.
Source: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program, as presented in Health, United States, 1990
(National Center for Health Statistics, 1991), Tables 44 and 45.
Table 21 (Continued). Deaths Among Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Cases, According to Age at Diagnosis, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity:
United States, 1984-90
Age (years)
at Diagnosis, Sex,
and Race/Ethnicity
(1,2) (1,2)
All All
Years 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Years
*********** Number, by Year of Death ************ Percent
Total(3) 90,914 3,276 6,430 11,012 14,710 18,379 22,616 12,294 ...
Male
All Males, 13 and over (3)
81,434 2,983 5,881 9,992 13,117 16,312 20,172 11,015 100.0
White, not Hispanic
49,174 1,833 3,648 6,247 7,815 9,537 12,027 6,968 60.4
Black, not Hispanic
21,245 732 1,443 2,370 3,459 4,479 5,378 2,806 26.1
Hispanic
10,265 395 755 1,298 1,728 2,137 2,555 1,122 12.6
American Indian (4)
111 3 4 12 21 19 26 25 0.1
Asian or Pacific Islander (5)
498 17 29 50 76 102 142 77 0.6
13-19 246 12 23 37 44 41 55 29 0.3
20-29 15,194 577 1,138 1,898 2,481 3,069 3,650 1,986 18.7
30-39 37,139 1,366 2,690 4,600 5,991 7,313 9,221 5,041 45.6
40-49 19,049 684 1,295 2,258 2,960 3,807 4,852 2,746 23.4
50-59 6,988 270 545 841 1,105 1,443 1,721 889 8.6
60 and over 2,818 74 190 358 536 639 673 324 3.5
Female
All females, 13 and over (3)
8,171 244 444 879 1,333 1,801 2,149 1,139 100.0
White, not Hispanic
2,352 58 144 249 416 513 573 359 28.8
Black, not Hispani c
4,512 138 214 475 734 986 1,221 644 55.2
Hispanic
1,229 47 82 144 175 284 331 127 15.0
American Indian (4 )
16 -- 3 -- 2 1 5 4 0.2
Asian or Pacific Islander (5)
51 1 -- 7 6 16 14 5 0.6
13-19 66 1 5 11 11 11 12 11 0.8
20-29 2,089 90 130 240 348 443 494 282 25.6
30-39 3,787 106 201 401 588 839 1,067 514 46.3
40-49 1,161 22 48 102 175 265 337 192 14.2
50-59 470 9 18 43 87 101 124 73 5.8
60 and Over 598 16 42 82 124 142 115 67 7.3
Children
All Children, under 13 (3)
1,309 49 105 141 260 266 295 140 100.0
White, not Hispanic
323 9 29 34 67 67 78 28 24.7
Black, not Hispanic
695 28 59 76 124 141 147 88 53.1
Hispanic
278 12 16 29 66 55 67 23 21.2
American Indian (4)
3 -- -- -- 2 -- 1 -- 0.2
Asian or Pacific Islander (5)
9 -- 1 2 1 3 1 1 0.7
Under 1 303 5 24 37 60 60 71 38 23.1
1-12 1,006 44 81 104 200 206 224 102 76.9
1 Includes cases prior to 1984.
2 Data are as of September 30, 1990, and reflect reporting delays.
3 Includes all other races not shown separately.
4 Includes Aleut and Eskimo.
5 Includes Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian (includes part
Hawaiian), and other Asian or Pacific Islander.
Notes: The AIDS case definition was changed in September 1987 to
allow for the presumptive diagnosis of AIDS-associated diseases and
conditions and to expand the spectrum of human immunodeficiency
virus-associated diseases reportable as AIDS. Excludes residents of
U.S. territories.
Source: Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases,
AIDS Program, as presented in Health, United States, 1990
(National Center for Health Statistics, 1991), Tables 44 and 45.
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