IT'S THE LAW
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ....................................
The Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities ......
Rights of People with Disabilities ...................
Outline of Rights of People with Disabilities ........
I. Who Has a Disability? .............................
A. Definition ...................................
B. Who is Qualified Under the Law? ..............
C. Individuals Considered to Have a Disability ..
II. Significant Laws Recognizing Rights of People with
Disabilities .....................................
A. Federal ......................................
1. Rehabilitation Act .......................
2. Fair Housing Act .........................
3. Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA)
4. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ....
B. State ........................................
1. Human Rights Law .........................
2. Civil Rights Law .........................
C. City .........................................
1. Human Rights Law .........................
III. What Rights Do These Laws Recognize? ............
A. Employment ...................................
1. Equal Opportunity ........................
2. Affirmative Action .......................
B. Housing ......................................
1. Federal Fair Housing Act..................
2. Architectural Accessibility ..............
3. City and State Human Rights Laws .........
C. Public Accommodations ........................
1. Generally ................................
2. Program Accessibility ....................
3. Architectural Accessibility...............
4. Educational Facilities ...................
5. Transportation ...........................
6. Hospitals ................................
D. Education ....................................
1. Generally ................................
2. Schools as Public Accommodations ........
IV. How Are These Rights Enforced? ...................
A. Federal Rehabilitation Act....................
1. Section 503 ..............................
2. Section 504 ..............................
B. Federal Fair Housing Act .....................
C. Federal Education of the Handicapped Act ......
D. New York State Human Rights Law ...............
E. New York State Civil Rights Law ...............
F. New York City Human Rights Law ................
G. Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution
H. Which Forum Should You Choose? ................
I. Attorney's Fees ...............................
Let Us Serve You ......................................
Resource Appendix .....................................
General Information and Assistance ...............
Where to File Complaints .........................
Legal Assistance .................................
Another Helpful Resource .........................
Rights of People With Disabilities
Summer 1990
THE MAYOR'S OFFICE FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
The Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities ("MOPD") is the liaison
between City government and the disability community. MOPD assists City
agencies and the community in efforts to comply with laws recognizing rights
of people with disabilities. In addition, the Office provides information,
referral and advocacy for people with disabilities. MOPD advises the Mayor
about legislative initiatives which would benefit the disability community.
Among areas of prime concern are education, employment, housing, as well as
general accessibility to and accommodation of people with disabilities.
These topics are covered in this book. Additional areas of MOPD's authority
include access to transportation, community-based health and social
services, home care and entitlements.
RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
The following outline of rights for people with disabilities in New
York City covers some of the most common areas of concern. Of course, in a
brief outline such as this, it is not possible to cover, in detail, all
aspects of legal protection. MOPD will assist people seeking further
information on an individual basis and may be able to provide a speaker for
interested groups.
City, State and Federal laws recognize a wide variety of rights for people
with disabilities. Frequently, similar rights are covered by all three
levels of government, providing alternative enforcement mechanisms and
remedies. Enforcement agencies coordinate their efforts to try to achieve
the best result for people who claim that their rights have been violated.
The Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities is not an enforcement
agency, although we can refer people to such agencies when the less formal
advocacy which we provide does not secure adequate relief.
OUTLINE OF RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
I. Who Has a Disability?
A. While definitions vary slightly under different laws, generally,
people are considered to have a disability if they:
1) have a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits
one or more major life activity(ies), such as walking, talking,
seeing, hearing, self care, learning, or working; or
2) have a record of having had an impairment such as a history of
cancer, or past mental illness; or
3) are regarded by others as having an impairment, for example, due
to a facial scar, limp or positive HIV test.
B. Laws, particularly those relating to employment, frequently limit
protection to those considered "qualified". To be "qualified", a
person with a disability must be able to perform essential job
functions (at least with reasonable accommodations by the employer) or
to enjoy basic aspects of the program or activity (again, with
reasonable accommodation, if needed). (What accommodations are
reasonable generally depend on the circumstances of each situation.)
C. People with AIDS, ARC, tuberculosis and other infectious conditions
are considered to have a disability and are protected to the extent
that their infectiousness does not pose a significant risk of hazard to
others. People who abuse alcohol, narcotics and other substances are
considered to have disabilities, although current abuse which
interferes with safety, job performance or similar factors would
deprive them of protection in many cases.
II. Significant Laws Recognizing Rights of People with Disabilities
While many laws affect people with disabilities, several are most
significant in recognizing and providing enforcement for basic human
rights.
A. Federal
1. Rehabilitation Act
2. Fair Housing Act
3. Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA)
[This law is likely to be renamed the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA) in the fall of 1990].
4. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
[The ADA was signed into law on July 26, 1990,
but will not be phased into effect
until the beginning of 1992 at the earliest.
Thus it will not be discussed in detail here.
The ADA is a national recognition of the
rights of people with disabilities in employ-
ment and public accommodations (including
transportation and telecommunications). Laws
in New York already recognize virtually all
of the rights covered by the ADA.]
B. State
1. Human Rights Law
2. Civil Rights Law
C. City
1. Human Rights Law
III. What Rights Do These Laws Recognize?
A. Employment
1. Equal Opportunity
a. Section 504 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act requires recipients
of Federal funds to assure qualified people with disabilities an
equal opportunity for employment and participation in the
recipients' programs and services. All phases of employment are
covered -- including recruitment, hiring, training opportunities,
rates of pay, benefits, promotion, job assignments, layoff and
termination. Recipients may not use employment tests or criteria
which are not related to the essential elements of the job or which
otherwise tend to screen out qualified people with disabilities.
Recipients must make reasonable accommodations to the known
disabilities of all qualified employees and job applicants
unless providing such accommodations would create an undue hardship
for the employer. What accommodations are reasonable generally
depends on the circumstances of each situation, but can include:
i) making facilities physically accessible;
ii) job restructuring;
iii) modifying work schedules;
iv) purchasing or modifying equipment; or
v) providing readers, interpreters or other
support services.
Most recipients must designate someone to coordinate their
compliance with Sec. 504, establish an internal grievance procedure
to address discrimination complaints and take other continuing
steps to advise employees of employer obligations under Sec. 504.
State and City Human Rights Laws extend equal opportunity
protections such as those of Sec. 504 to job applicants and
employees of most employers, including those who are not recipients
of Federal funds, although appointment of a coordinator and creation
of internal grievance procedures are not required. Unions and
employment agencies also are prohibited from discriminating under
these State and City laws. The State Civil Rights Law also
prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities who use a
guide, hearing or service dog or a cane. In addition, State Civil
Service and Education Laws contain provisions against employment
discrimination on the basis of disability, such as in test taking.
2. Affirmative Action
Section 503 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act requires employers
with Federal contracts of $2500 or more annually (for services,
supplies, use of real property, etc.) to take affirmative action to
employ and promote qualified people with disabilities. Employers
of 50 or more and those with Federal contracts of $50,000 or more
must have a written affirmative action plan and designate
responsible employees to carry it out. Federal contractors are
recipients of Federal funds and thus are covered under Sec. 504 as
well. However, while Sec. 504 generally precludes asking a pro-
spective employee whether he or she has a disability (although
questions about the ability to perform specific job related
functions are permissible), Sec. 503 permits a Federal contractor
to ask directly about disabilities, for affirmative action purposes,
but only if the questions are properly phrased and confidentiality
requirements are met. The nature and extent of such inquiries are
limited by State and City Human Rights Laws. Federal agencies have
affirmative action obligations to their employees under Sec. 501.
Amendments to the City Charter passed in 1989 created an Equal
Employment Practices Commission to monitor compliance by City
agencies with equal employment and affirmative action requirements.
B. Housing
1. Federal Fair Housing Act
The Federal Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination against
people with disabilities or against those residing or associating
with people who have disabilities, in the sale or rental of housing
accommodations. Such discrimination also includes refusal to:
a) permit the person with a disability (at
that individual's expense) to make reasonable
modifications of the premises which would
enable that person to more fully enjoy use of
the premises; or
b)make reasonable changes in building rules
which changes would enhance the enjoyment of
the premises by the person with a disability.
2. Architectural Accessibility
New York City's Building Code, like its State counterpart, requires
building owners making renovations to include accessible and
adaptable features, leaving tenants who need further adaptations to
complete them. New construction, currently under New York law, and
after March 13, 1991, under Federal law, must be accessible/
adaptable. The Federal Architectural Barriers Act requires
Federally built, leased or assisted housing to meet certain Federal
accessibility standards but, except for providing an alternative
remedy, the standards required by this law are less stringent than
those under either the Fair Housing Act as of 1991 -- or current
State and City Building Codes. Most pertinent provisions of New
York City's Building Code were added by Local Law 58 of 1987.
3. City and State Human Rights Laws
City and State Human Rights Laws prohibit discrimination against
people with disabilities, much as the Federal Fair Housing Act does.
Under New York City's Human Rights Law, a building owner is required
to permit (and, in some cases, even to make) changes, such as the
installation of hand-rails or a ramp. The State Civil Rights Law
prohibits discrimination in public and private housing solely
because a person has both a disability and is accompanied by a
guide, hearing or service dog.
C. Public Accommodations
1. Generally
City and State Human Rights Laws prohibit exclusion of people with
disabilities from most public accommodations such as restaurants,
hotels, clubs, theatres, recreational facilities and medical
clinics. Architectural changes may be required to promote
accessibility under these laws. State and City Building Codes,
State Public Buildings Law and State Trans-portation Law also
contain provisions which promote architectural accessibility in
places of public accommodation, as well as in other facilities.
2. Program Accessibility
Section 504 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act requires that direct
and indirect recipients of Federal financial assistance operate
programs and services in such a way that, when viewed in their
entirety, they are accessible to persons with disabilities. No
person with a disability may be excluded from programs or services
of such recipients because the facilities are inaccessible. New
facilities or facilities to be substantially renovated must be
made accessible. Existing facilities must be made accessible
eventually, but, until they are, recipients must use alternative
methods of providing services and/or access to the program, such as
alternative sites, home visits, etc. Priority in choosing
alternative methods must be given to those which provide the
greatest possible integration of people with disabilities.
Reasonable accommodations must be made to a person's known
disabilities to provide the person with meaningful access to the
program.
3. Architectural Accessibility
Public buildings built or bought with Federal funds are required to
be accessible to people with physical disabilities, as are Federally
leased buildings intended for public use or in which people with
physical disabilities might be employed, pursuant to the Federal
Architectural Barriers Act. New buildings covered by these laws are
to be built in compliance with standards set by the Federal
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
Buildings are not to be leased (or leases are not to be renewed)
unless the buildings comply with those standards and renovations are
to be done in accord with those standards. In addition to the
program accessibility requirements described above, the State
Public Buildings and Transportation Laws require various public
buildings and facilities to be built (or, when existing buildings or
facilities are altered, to be altered) so that they are accessible
to people with disabilities.
4. Educational Facilities
Public educational facilities are exempt under the State and City
Human Rights Laws; however, the State Civil Rights Law bars
discrimination there with respect to the use of guide, hearing and
service dogs. Federal Rehabilitation Act Sec. 504 and the Education
of the Handicapped Act require accessibility, among other things, in
most schools not covered by the State and City Human Rights Laws.
Private schools (educational corporations or associations) which are
or claim to be non-sectarian or tax-exempt are prohibited from
denying people with disabilities use of their facilities under
both State and City Human Rights Laws. The City and State
University systems are among colleges and universities covered by
these human rights law provisions.
5. Transportation
State Civil Rights and Transportation Laws require that buses and
all other forms of public and private transportation accept guide,
hearing and service dogs at no extra charge when accompanying a
person with a disability. Air carriers are also prohibited from
discriminating against people with disabilities regardless of
whether the carrier receives Federal funds. Moreover, airlines are
prohibited from limiting the number of people with disabilities on a
flight and from requiring special advance notice (except for special
equipment, such as respirators).
6. Hospitals
The State Hospital Code requires hospitals to "manage a resource of
skilled interpreters and persons skilled in communicating with
vision and hearing impaired individuals and ... [to] provide
translations/transcriptions of significant hospital forms,
instructions and information in order to provide visual, oral and
written communication with all persons receiving treatment in the
hospital regardless of a patient's language or impairment of hearing
or vision.... [I]nterpreters and persons skilled in communicating
with vision and/or hearing impaired individuals ... [must] be
available to patients in the inpatient and outpatient setting within
twenty minutes and to patients in the emergency service within ten
minutes of a request ...." Treatment is to be provided without
discrimination as to disability; patients are to be informed of
these rights.
D. Education
1. Generally
The Federal Education of the Handicapped Act (sometimes commonly
referred to as P.L. 94-142 or as the EHA -- but soon to be renamed
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)) requires
that a free appropriate elementary and secondary education be
provided for children with disabilities between ages 5 and 21;
preschool programs for children ages 3-5 were added in 1989.
Required features include:
a) programs to identify and evaluate all
children with disabilities;
b) an Individ-ualized Education Program
("IEP") designed to meet the needs of each
disabled child in the most integrated setting
possible;
c) related services (such as transportation,
testing, diagnosis and treatment).
Parents have the right to:
a) be consulted before the school makes a
decision about their child;
b) be involved in the planning of IEPs;
c) see all records relating to their child's
evaluation, placement and education;
d) object to the school's decision about
their child, have a formal hearing about such
objections; and
e) obtain an independent educational
evaluation which the school district (for New
York City, the Board of Education) will pay
for under certain circumstances, such as when
the district's professionals are unable to
evaluate the child in a timely manner.
2. Schools as Public Accommodations
As discussed more fully under Public Accommodations, although
public schools generally are excluded from coverage under public
accommodations provisions of State and City Human Rights Laws,
protection is provided -- to students, parents, teachers, other
employees and others -- by Sec. 504 and (as to people with
disabilities who use guide, hearing of service dogs) by the State
Civil Rights Law and by a separate provision of the State Human
Rights Law. As described above, private non-sectarian and
tax-exempt schools are prohibited from denying use of their
facilities to people with disabilities under the State and City
Human Rights Laws. The protections mentioned in this paragraph
apply to training programs and post-secondary education (colleges
and universities), as well as to elementary and secondary schools.
IV. How Are These Rights Enforced?
A. Federal Rehabilitation Act
1. Section 503
a. Complaint Procedure
(1) Discuss complaint with affirmative action
officer; or
(2) file an internal grievance with the
employer; or
(3) file complaint with the U.S. Department
of Labor Office of Federal Contract Compli-
ance Programs ("OFCCP"), 201 Varick Street,
NYC 10014 ((212) 337-2218) within 180 days of
the alleged violation.
b. Penalties can include reinstatement of
employee, back pay, termination of Federal
contracts.
2. Section 504
a. Complaint Procedure
(1) Discuss with Sec. 504 Coordinator; or
(2) file an internal grievance (if procedure
available); or
(3) file Sec. 504 complaint with the Federal
agency which funded the program, service (or,
where no funding is provided to the particu-
lar program or service involved, with the
Federal agency providing funding to the
recipient generally) within 180 days of the
alleged violation; or
(4) file a private lawsuit.
b. Penalties can include reinstatement of
employee, back pay, withdrawal of Federal
funding, attorney's fee and other relief.
B. Federal Fair Housing Act
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") is
empowered to attempt conciliation and, failing that, to proceed to
administrative hearings; either side, however, has the right to bring a
dispute under the law into Federal court. Complaints may be filed with
HUD's Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Office, Region II, 26 Federal
Plaza - Room 3532, NYC 10278 ((212) 264-1290).
1. Complaint Procedures
a. Administrative Proceedings - File complaint
with HUD within 1 year after alleged discrimina-
tory housing practice has occurred or ceased.
b. Judicial Proceedings
(1) If HUD files a charge based on your
complaint, but you would prefer judicial
action, you may ask HUD to have the U.S.
Justice Department file a civil lawsuit on
your behalf.
(2) File a private lawsuit within 2 years
after alleged discriminatory housing practice
has occurred or ceased, or after a concilia-
tion agreement has been violated.
2. Penalties may include injunctive relief, money damages, civil
fines (up to $50,000 for a first offense; up to $100,000 thereafter)
and attorney's fees and costs. Bona fide sales or leases made
before relief is granted will not be disturbed, however.
C. Federal Education of the Handicapped Act
Parents should work with the Committee on Special Education of their
Community School Board. If parents need Federal assistance in securing
their rights under the Education of the Handicapped Act, they should
contact the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
in the U.S. Department of Education, which administers the law with
help from that Department's Office for Civil Rights, Region II, 26
Federal Plaza - Room 33130, NYC 10278 ((212) 264-2906) (The U.S.
Department of Education also handles complaints of discrimination in
higher education.)
D. New York State Human Rights Law
1. Complaint Procedures
a. Administrative Proceedings - File complaint
with New York State Division of Human Rights,
(see addresses telephone numbers in Appendix)
(or with the New York City Division of Human
Rights, 52 Duane Street, NYC 10007 ((212)
566-5050)) within 1 year of the alleged
violation; or
b. Judicial Proceedings - File a private law-suit.
2. Penalties may include reinstatement, back pay,
damages or other remedial action. The State
Division may impose fines; failure to comply with
State Division orders may be deemed a misdemeanor,
carrying an additional fine of between $100 and
$500.
E. New York State Civil Rights Law
1. File a private lawsuit.
2. Seek enforcement by Attorney General, 163 West
125th Street, NYC 10027 (or District Attorney).
3. Criminal sanctions may be imposed for viola
tions.
F. New York City Human Rights Law
1. File charge with New York City Commission on Human Rights, 52
Duane Street, NYC 10007 ((212) 566-5050) within 1 year of the
alleged violation.
2. Remedies may include reinstatement, back pay, damages and other
remedial action.
G. Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Some statutes, collective bargaining agreements and other programs
provide for arbitration or some other alternative dispute resolution
mechanism which may be faster, easier and less expensive than waiting
for administrative action or proceeding to a lawsuit. However, these
approaches have their limitations as well and should be considered
carefully in comparison with more traditional procedures.
H. Which Forum Should You Choose?
1. Whether you choose to file charges with a City, State or Federal
government agency, to file a State or Federal lawsuit, or to seek
arbitration or some other form of alternative dispute resolution,
depends on a variety of factors which may best be weighed in
consultation with one of the enforcement agencies or with a private
attorney. Effectiveness, promptness and cost of the various
alternatives may be among the factors to explore.
2. It is important to decide early whether you want to follow
administrative procedures, rather than pursuing private litigation,
since pursuit of one course may bar another. A court may defer to
arbitration or to an administrative proceeding when one of these
alternatives has been commenced before you go to court; an
administrative proceeding may be stopped when you go to trial in
court.
I. Attorney's Fees
Frequently, people with disabilities, like others seeking legal
assistance to enforce their rights, do not have the money to pay a
lawyer. Fortunately for those with disabilities, many of the laws
setting forth their rights also provide for the award of attorney's
fees. Other statutes and court decisions provide for the award of
attorney's fees as well.
LET US SERVE YOU
The Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities is here to serve you --
to help you understand your rights, to help others recognize those
rights and to refer you to appropriate enforcement agencies when
necessary. As mentioned earlier, this brief outline cannot cover all
details nor discuss how these laws may apply to your particular
situation. For further information and assistance, call MOPD's
Information, Referral and Advocacy Unit (IRA) at 52 Chambers Street,
Room 206, NYC 10007 ((212) 566-3913) (voice and TTY).
RESOURCE APPENDIX
General Information and Assistance
New York City Mayor's Office for People with
Disabilities
52 Chambers Street - Room 206
New York, New York 10007
(212) 566-3913 (voice/TTY)
(212) 566-0972 (voice)
(212) 566-0046 (TDD only)
New York State Office of the Advocate for the Disabled
116 West 32nd Street - 14th Floor
New York, New York 10001
(212) 502-0877
(800) 522-4369 (voice/TDD) (Albany - Main Office)
New York State Commission on Quality of Care
for the Mentally Disabled
80 Maiden Lane - Room 320B
New York, New York 10038
(212) 804-1639
Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped
The New York Public Library
166 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10013
(212) 925-1011
Where to File Complaints
Federal Rehabilitation Act
Section 503 (Employment - Federal Contractors)
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
United States Department of Labor
201 Varick Street
New York, New York 10014
(212) 337-2006
Section 504 (Employment/Programs - Federal Fund Recipients)
File with Federal agency funding the entity about which complaint is being
made; Federal agencies handling most complaints include:
United States Department of Education
Office of Civil Rights
26 Federal Plaza - Room 33130
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-2906
United States Department of Health and Human Services
Office of Civil Rights
26 Federal Plaza - Room 3312
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-3313
United States Department of Housing & Urban Development
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
26 Federal Plaza - Room 3532
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-1290
United States Department of Labor
Regional Office of Civil Rights
201 Varick Street
New York, New York 10014
(212) 337-2218
Federal Fair Housing Act
File with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development,
listed under Sec. 504, above.
Federal Education of the Handicapped Act
File with the United States Department of Education, listed under Sec. 504,
above.
New York State Human Rights Law
New York City Commission on Human Rights
52 Duane Street
New York, New York 10007
(212) 566-5050
New York State Division of Human Rights
New York City Offices:
Main Office
55 West 125th Street
New York, New York 10027
(212) 870-8400
Upper Manhattan & Queens
State Office Building
163 West 125th Street
New York, New York 10027
(212) 870-8650
Lower Manhattan
State Office Building
270 Broadway, Ninth Floor
New York, New York 10007
(212) 587-5041
Brooklyn & Staten Island
1360 Fulton Street
Brooklyn, New York 11216
(718) 622-4600
New York State Civil Rights Law
New York State Attorney General
163 West 125th Street
New York, New York 10027
(212) 870-4475
New York City Human Rights Law
New York City Commission on Human Rights
52 Duane Street
New York, New York 10007
(212) 566-5050
Legal Assistance
(Note: Several of these agencies have multiple offices; only main offices are
listed below. Most agencies listed below can only assist people with low
incomes. Offices which are most involved in providing legal services to
people with disabilities are indicated in bold letters).
Bronx Legal Services
579 Courtlandt Avenue
Bronx, New York 10451
(212) 993-6250
Brooklyn Legal Services Corporation "A"
260 Broadway
Brooklyn, New York 11211
(718) 782-6195
Brooklyn Legal Services Corporation "B"
105 Court Street - 3rd Floor
Brooklyn, New York 11201
(718) 237-5500
Gay Men's Health Crisis, Inc.
129 West 20th Street
New York, New York 10011
(212) 337-3504
Harlem Legal Services, Inc.
144 West 125th Street
New York, New York 10027
(212) 222-7800
Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc.
666 Broadway - 12th Floor
New York, New York 10012
(212) 995-8585
Legal Action Center of the City of New York
153 Waverly Place
New York, New York 10014
(212) 243-1313
Legal Aid Society
Civil Legal Assistance Information
11 Park Place
New York, New York 10007
(212) 227-2755
Legal Services for New York City
(formerly Community Action for Legal Services (CALS))
350 Broadway
New York, New York 10013
(212) 431-7200
MFY Legal Services, Inc.
41 Avenue A
New York, New York 10009
(212) 475-8000
New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, Inc.
135 East 15th Street
New York, New York 10003
(212) 777-7707
Queens Legal Services Corporation
89-02 Sutphin Boulevard
Jamaica, New York 11435
(718) 657-8611
Legal Referral Service
Legal Referral Service
The Association of the Bar of the City of New York
42 West 44th Street
New York, New York 10036
(212) 382-6625 (voice)/(212) 768-1466 (TDD)
Law School Clinics
BLS Legal Services Corporation
Federal Litigation Program
Brooklyn Law School
One Boerum Place
Brooklyn, New York 11201
(718) 780-7994
Bet Tzedek Legal Clinic
Cardozo School of Law
The Brookdale Center
55 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10003
(212) 790-o240
Federal Litigation Clinic
New York Law School
57 Worth Street
New York, New York 10013
(212) 431-2312
Another Helpful Reference
Rights of People with Disabilities
The Association of the Bar of the City of New York
42 West 44th Street
New York, N.Y. 10036
(212) 382-6600
Prepared by:
Mark H. Leeds, Counsel
Mayor's Office for People with Disabilities
With assistance on the 1990 edition from Kathe A. Newman
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