FOOTNOTES
The various Federal agencies have issued separate regulations
implementing Section 504. Many definitions and requirements are repeated in
each set of regulations, but some terms are defined differently. Due to the
nature of the activities conducted by the specific agencies there are some
unique requirements. In the body of this manual are the most generally
accepted or most recent provisions. The footnotes indicate more
specifically the individual agencies' requirements. However, even here,
we have not noted the regulations of each agency with respect to each
subject. To facilitate finding regulations not cited specifically, a list
of major agencies and the locations of their pertinent regulations follows:
Directory of Agencies:
ACTION (ACTION) ........................ 45 C.F.R.Part 1232
Department of Agriculture (USDA) ....... 7 C.F.R. Part 15b
Department of Commerce (DOCom) ......... 15 C.F.R. Part 8b
Department of Defense (DOD) ............ 32 C.F.R. Part 56
Department of Education (DOEd) ......... 34 C.F.R. Part 104
Department of Energy (DOEn) ............ 10 C.F.R. Part1040
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Part 7
General Services Administration (GSA) 41 C.F.R.Part101-8
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) ..............
......................................... 45 C.F.R. Part 84
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) ..........
......................................... 24 C.F.R. Part 8
Department of the Interior (DOI) ........ 43 C.F.R. Part 17
Department of Justice
Federal government-wide coordinating regulations (DOJ
coordinating regulations) ......... 28 C.F.R. Part 41
Regulations for agencies receiving funding from that
agency (DOJ) ..................... 28 C.F.R. Part 42
Department of Labor (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Part 32
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
...................................... 41 C.F.R. Part 60-741
National Endowment for the Arts (NEA).. 45 C.F.R.Part 1151
Department of State (DOS) ............. 22 C.F.R. Part 142
Department of Transportation (DOT) .... 49 C.F.R. Part 27
Veterans Administration (VA) .......... 38 C.F.R. Part 18
1. Executive Order No. 17, September 7, 1990; see Mayoral
Memorandum, May 29, 1978; Mayoral Memorandum, November
26, 1984.
2. 42 U.S.C. Sec. 12101 et seq. (P.L. 101-336).
3. 29 U.S.C. Sec. 793.
4. 29 U.S.C. Sec. 794.
5. 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.4.
6. New York City Administrative Code Art. 8; New York State
Executive Law Sec. 290 et seq.; New York State Civil
Rights Law Art. 4-B. Significant legislative proposals
to strengthen the City Human Rights Law have been
introduced by both the City Administration and the
leadership of the City Council. It is likely that such
legislation will be enacted by some time in 1991,
providing even greater protections for people with
disabilities than exist in the current City law.
7. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.1.
8. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.3(a)(1).
9. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.3(a)(2).
10. 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.3(a)(4).
11. 41 C.F.R. Secs. 60-741.4 through .6.
12. 29 U.S.C. Sec. 794, as amended by the Civil Rights
Restoration Act of 1987, passed over Pres. Reagan's
veto, reversing the Supreme Court's 1984 decision in
Grove City College v. Bell, 465 U.S. 555. Some regula-
tions written before passage of the Civil Rights
Restoration Act required compliance only by that part of
an entity (including governmental and educational enti-
ties) which received Federal funds and have not yet been
revised to conform to the Civil Rights Restoration Act.
To be sure that Federal agency regulations covering your
agency are consistent with current law, compare them
with the scope of coverage discussed in the text. HUD's
regulations were the first issued to comply with the
Civil Rights Restoration Act and are cited by DOJ as an
example for other agencies.
13. 29 U.S.C. Sec. 794(b); 1988 U.S. Code Cong. and Admin.
News, p.3.
14. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.3(f); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.3(e); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.3(b); (DOEd) 34
C.F.R. Sec. 104.3(h); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.3(o);
(EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.25; (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.3(h);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.3 - The definition further states
that such assistance "includes community development
funds in the forms of proceeds from loans guaranteed
under Section 108 of the Housing and Community Develop-
ment Act of 1974, as amended, but does not include
assistance made available through direct Federal
procurement contracts or payments made under these
contracts or any other contract of insurance or
guaranty"; (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.202(h); (DOJ
coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.3(f); (DOJ)
28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.540(f); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.3;
(NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.3(f); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.3(h); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.5; (USDA) 7 C.F.R.
Sec. 15b.3(g); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.403(h).
15. See (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
41.51(b)(1)(v).
16. City Admin. Code Secs. 8-107, 8-108; State Exec. Law
Sec. 296; see (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R.
Sec. 41.52.
17. State Civil Rights Law Sec. 47-a.
18. (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.52;
(ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.9; (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.11(a); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R.
Sec. 104.11(a)(1); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.66(a);
(EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.60(a); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
101-8.305(a); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.11(a); (HUD) 24
C.F.R. Sec. 8.10(a); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.210(a);
(DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.510(a); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec.
32.12(a); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.31(a); (DOS) 22
C.F.R. Sec. 142.4(a); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.31(a);
(USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.12; (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec.
18.411(a)(1).
19. (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.52.
20. City Human Rights Law, Admin. Code Sec. 8-102.16(e);
State Human Rights Law, Exec. Law Sec. 292.21; Federal
Rehabilitation Act, Sec. 504; (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1232.3(j); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.3(h); (DOD) 32
C.F.R. Sec. 56.3(f); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.3(k);
(DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.62(e); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec.
7.25; (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.3(d)(1); (HHS) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 84.3(k); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.3; (DOI) 43
C.F.R. Sec. 17.202(k); (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28
C.F.R. Sec. 41.32; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.540(l)(1);
(DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.3 - also covers employment
related training programs; (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.12(a); (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.2 - Sec. 503
covers an individual with disabilities who is capable of
performing a particular job with reasonable accommoda-
tion to his or her disability; (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.3(k); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.5 - The definition
states: "A handicapped person who, with reasonable
accommodation and within normal safety requirements, can
perform the essential functions of the job"; (USDA) 7
C.F.R. Sec. 15b.3(n)(1); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec.
18.403(k)(1).
21. City Human Rights Law, Admin. Code Sec. 8-102.16; State
Human Rights Law, Exec. Law Sec. 292.21; (ACTION) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1232.3(h)(1); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.3(f); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.3(c); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R.
Sec. 104.3(j); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.62(c); (EPA)
40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.25; (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.301(b);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.3(j); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.3;
(DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.202(j); (DOJ coordinating
regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.31(a); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R.
Sec. 42.540(k)(1); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.3; (OFCCP) 41
C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.2; (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.11(a);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.3(j); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.5; (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.3(i); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec.
18.403(j)(1).
22. City Human Rights Law, Admin. Code Sec. 8-102.16; State
Human Rights Law, Exec. Law Sec. 292.21; (ACTION) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1232.3(i); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.3
(g)(3)(i); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.3(c)(1); (DOEd) 34
C.F.R. Sec. 104.4(j)(2); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
040.62(d); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.25; (GSA) 41 C.F.R.
Sec. 101-8.301(c)(1); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. 84.4(j)(2); (HUD)
24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.3; (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.202(j)(2);
(DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
41.31(b)(1); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.540(k)(2); (DOL) 29
C.F.R. Sec. 32.3; (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.11(b); (DOS)
22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.3(j)(2); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.5;
(USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.3(j); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec.
18.403(j)(2).
23. 29 U.S.C. Sec. 706(8)(B) - applies to Secs. 503 and
504; City Human Rights Law, Admin. Code Sec. 8-102.16;
State Human Rights Law, Exec. Law Sec. 292.21.
24. See 29 U.S.C. Sec. 706(8)(C); School Board of Nassau
County v. Arline, 480 U.S. 273 (1987).
25. City Human Rights Law, Admin. Code Sec. 8-102.16; State
Human Rights Law, Exec. Law Sec. 292.21.
26. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 1232.10(a), (b); (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Secs. 8b.12(a), (b); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Secs. 56,
8(b)(4), (d); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Secs. 104.12(a), (b);
(DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Secs. 1040.67(a), (b); (EPA) 40 C.F.R.
Sec. 7.60(e); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Secs. 101-8.306(a), (b);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.12; (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Secs.
8.11(a), (b); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Secs. 17.211(a), (b); (DOJ
coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.53; (DOJ) 28
C.F.R. Secs. 42.511(a), (b); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec.
32.13(a); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 1151.32(a), (b); (DOS)
22 C.F.R. Secs. 142.12(a), (b); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Secs.
27.33(a), (b); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Secs. 15b.13(a), (b);
(VA) 38 C.F.R. Secs. 18.412(a), (b); City Human Rights
Law, Admin. Code Sec. 8-102.16(e); State Human Rights
Law, Exec. Law Sec. 292.21.
27. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.10(c); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.12(c); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(d)(3); (DOEd)
34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.12(c); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
1040.67(c); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.60(e); (GSA) 41
C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.306(c); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.12(c);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.11(c); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.211(c); (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
41.53; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.511(c); (DOL) 29 C.F.R.
Sec. 32.13(b); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.32(c); (OFCCP)
41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(d); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.12(c); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.33(c) - safety is
listed as a fourth factor for determining undue
hardship; (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.13(c); (VA) 38 C.F.R.
Sec. 18.412(c).
28. (HHS) Appendix A, 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.12(c); see also 45
C.R.R. Part 80; 34 C.F.R. Part 104.
29. Nelson v. Thornburgh, 567 F. Supp. 369 (E.D. Pa. 1983),
aff'd, 732 F.2d 147 (3d Cir. 1984), cert. den. 469 U.S.
1188 (1985).
30. Ackerman v. Western Electric Co., 643 F. Supp. 836, 851
(N.D. Cal. 1986).
31. Treadwell v. Alexander, 707 F.2d 473 (11th Cir. 1983).
32. See Southeastern Community College v. Davis, 442 U.S.
397 (1979).
33. State Civil Rights Law, Art. 4-B; State Human Rights
Law, Exec. Law Sec. 296.14.
34. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6.
35. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.4.
36. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Secs. 60-741.4 through .6.
37. 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.5(a); see (DOJ coordinating
regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.52.
38. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(g).
39. Sec. 504; (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.5(a); (NEA) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1151.43.
The following agencies limit the requirement to em-
ployers of 15 or more: (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.7(a); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.7(a); (EPA) 40
C.F.R. Sec. 7.85(g); (HHS) 45 C.F.R Sec. 84.7(a); (HUD)
24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.53; (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.206(a);
(DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.7; (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.7(a); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.13(a); (USDA) 7
C.F.R. Sec. 15b.6(a); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.407(a).
DOJ imposes the requirement where a recipient is an
employer of 50 or more and receives a minimum of
$25,000 in assistance from DOJ. 28 C.F.R. Sec.
42.505(d).
40. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(g).
41. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.5(d).
42. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(f).
43. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.6; (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec.
56.9(d); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.6(a); (EPA) 40
C.F.R. Sec. 7.95; (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28
C.F.R. Sec. 41.5(b)(1) - requires agencies to include
notification as part of enforcement system; (DOS) 22
C.F.R. Sec. 142.8; (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.15(a); (USDA)
7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.7(a).
The following agencies require such notice for recipi-
ents with 15 or more employees: (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.8; (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec 104.8(a); (HHS) 45 C.F.R.
Sec. 84.8(a); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.54; (DOI) 43
C.F.R. Sec. 17.207; (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.8; (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.408.
DOJ applies the requirement to employers of at least 50
employees that receive $25,000 or more in funding from
DOJ. 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.505(f).
44. City Human Rights Law Secs. 8-107.1(d), 8-108; State
Human Rights Law Sec. 296.
45. Rulings by New York State Division of Human Rights,
F.E.P. Manual vol. 8B, 455:3151, 3152 (BNA) (ruling on
Exec. Law Sec. 292.6); (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1232.12(a); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14(a); (DOD) 32
C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b)(6); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.14(a);
(DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69(a); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec.
7.60(g); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.308(a); (HHS) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(a); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(a);
(DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.213(a); (DOJ coordinating
regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.55; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
42.513(a); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(a); (NEA) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1151.34; (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(a);
(DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.37(a); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.15(a); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.414(a).
46. F.E.P. Manual vol. 8B, 455:3151, 3152 (BNA) (ruling on
Exec. Law Sec. 292.6). See Nemhauser v. NYU Pension and
Welfare Plan, Decision and Order, Complaint No. EM00377-
7/27/88, New York City Commission on Human Rights,
February 22, 1990, at p. 26 of Administrative Law
Judge's Recommended Decision and Order dated November
21, 1989 ("This tribunal finds no exception in the [New
York City Administrative] Code [City Human Rights Law]
for permitting discrimination on the basis of the
possibility of future illness.") See also F.E.P. Manual
vol. 8B, 455:3171-73 (BNA) (New York: Guide to Job
Interviewing) (discussing the different phases of the
interviewing process).
47. City Admin. Code Secs. 8-107(1)(d), 8-108; State Exec.
Law Sec. 296(1)(d); (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.11;
(DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b)(5); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec.
7.60(f); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.12(a); (DOJ coordinating
regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.54; (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R.
Sec. 60-741.6(c).
48. (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.13(a)(1); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R.
Sec. 104.13(a); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.68(a); (GSA)
41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.307(a); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
84.13(a)(1); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.12(a)(1); (DOI) 43
C.F.R. Sec. 17.212(a)(1); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
42.512(a)(1); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.14 - requires
criteria to be consistent with business necessity and
safe job performance; (NEA) 45 C.F.R. 1151.33(a)(1);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.13(a)(1); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.35(a)(1); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.14(a)(1); (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.413(a)(1).
49. (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.13(a)(2); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R.
Sec. 104.13(a)(2); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.13(a)(2);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.12(a)(2); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.212(a)(2); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.512(a)(2); (NEA)
45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.33(a)(2); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.13(a)(2); (DOT) C.F.R. Sec. 27.35(a)(2); (USDA) 7
C.F.R Sec. 15b.14(a)(2); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec.
18.413(a)(2).
50. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(c).
51. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.11; (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.13(b); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b)(5); (DOEd) 34
C.F.R. Sec. 104.13(b); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.68(b);
(EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.60(f); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
101-8.307(b); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.13(b); (HUD) 24
C.F.R. Sec. 8.12(b); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.212(b);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.13(b); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.35(b); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.14(b); (VA) 38 C.F.R.
Sec. 18.413(b).
52. (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.54;
State Civil Service Law Sec. 55; State Education Law
Sec. 3004.
53. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(c) - applies to
volunteers also; (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14; (DOD) 32
C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b)(8); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.14(c);
(DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69(c); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec.
7.60(g) - this section cites DOJ regulations; (GSA) 41
C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.308(c); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(c);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(c); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(c); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.513(c); (NEA) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1151.34(b); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(c);
(DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.37(c); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.15(c); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.414(c).
DOL - In addition to the requirements common to the
other Federal agencies, 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(c)
provides that:
(1) The medical examination shall be performed by a
physician qualified to make functional assessments of
individuals in a form which will express residual
capacity for work or training. Such an assessment does
not require clinical determinations of disease or
disability, but shall provide selecting or referring
officials sufficient information regarding any
functional limitations relevant to proper job placement
or referral to appropriate training programs. Factors
which may be assessed may include, for example, use of
limbs and extremities, mobility and posture, endurance
and energy expenditure, ability to withstand various
working conditions and environments, use of senses and
mental capacity;
(2) The results of the medical examination shall be
specific and objective so as to be susceptible to
review by independent medical evaluators and shall be
transmitted to the applicant or employee at the same
time as the employing official;
(3) The results of the medical examination shall not be
used to screen out qualified applicants and employees
but to determine proper placement and reasonable
accommodation. The employing official using physical
or mental information obtained pursuant to this section
should be familiar with physical or mental activities
involved in performing the job, and the working
conditions and environment in which it is carried out.
If the applicant is being considered for a variety of
jobs having different requirements or skills, the
employing official should make a functional assessment
of the physical or mental demands of the jobs in order
to match the applicant with the most suitable vacancy.
54. Information from medical exam confidential: (ACTION) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(d); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14(d);
(DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b)(9); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec.
104.14(d); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69(d); (GSA) 41
C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.308(d); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(d);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(d); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(d); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.513(d); (DOL) 29
C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(d); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.34(c);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(d); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.37(d); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.15(d); (VA) 38 C.F.R.
Sec. 18.414(d).
55. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(d)(1); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.14(d)(2); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(b)(9)(i);
(DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.14(d)(1); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R.
Sec. 1040.69(d)(1); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
101-8.308(d)(1); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(d)(1);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(d)(1); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(d)(1); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.513(d)(1); (DOL)
29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(d)(2); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.34(c)(1); (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(c)(3)(i);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(d)(1); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.37(d)(1); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.15(d)(1); (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.414(d)(1).
56. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(d)(2); (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14(d)(3); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec.
56.8(b)(9)(ii); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. 104.14(d)(2); (DOEn)
10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69(d)(2); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
101-8.308(d)(2) (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(d)(2); (HUD)
24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(d)(2); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(d)(2); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.513(d)(2); (DOL)
29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(d)(3); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.34(c)(2); (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
60-741.6(c)(3)(ii); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(d)(2);
(DOT) C.F.R. Sec. 27.37(d)(2); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.15(d)(2); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.414(d)(2).
57. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(d)(3); (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14(d)(4); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec.
56.8(b)(9)(iii); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.14(d)(3);
(DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69 (d)(3); (GSA) 41 C.F.R.
Sec. 101-8.308(d)(3); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(d)(3);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(d)(3); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(d)(3); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.513(d)(3); (DOL)
29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(d)(4); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.34(c)(3); (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
60-741.6(c)(3)(iii); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(d)(3);
(DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.37(d)(3); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.15(d)(3); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.414(d)(3).
58. Admin. Code Secs. 8-107(d), 8-108, Exec. Law Sec.
296(1)(d).
59. Possible tort claims include inadvertent or purposeful
disclosure of personal and sensitive information,
negligent maintenance of records, defamation, false
light, invasion of privacy and prima facie tort. See,
e.g., Doe v. Borough of Barrington, No. 88-2642
(D.N.J., January 29, 1990); Rodriquez v. Coughlin, No.
CIV-87-1577E (W.D.N.Y., June 10, 1989). For a general
discussion of tort claims in this area, see Rothstein,
Screening Workers for AIDS, in AIDS and the Law, 126,
139 (H. Dalton and S. Burris, eds., 1987). For general
discussions of privacy and the constitutional right of
privacy, see Fried, Privacy, 77 Yale L.J. 475 (1968);
Gerety, Redefining Privacy, 12 Harv. C.R.C.L.L. Rev.
233 (1977); Karst, The Freedom of Intimate Association,
89 Yale L.J. 624 (1980); Winslade, Confidentiality of
Medical Records: An Overview of Concepts and Legal
Policies, 3 J. Legal Med. 497 (1982).
60. New York Public Health Law Section 2780 et seq.
61. Information disclosed to other persons by health care
providers and social service agencies or by the pro-
tected individual pursuant to a written authorization
must remain confidential. Any disclosure must include
a notice to the person to whom the information is
disclosed that the information must be kept confiden-
tial. In general, the Confidentiality Law prohibits
the disclosure of HIV-related information without a
written authorization from the subject, but there are
numerous exceptions. HIV-related information can be
disclosed without written consent to the following
entities: employees or agents of a health care facility
when the facility provides care to the person and the
employee or agent maintains records for billing or
reimbursement purposes; health care providers where
necessary for treatment or in relation to organ dona-
tion or transplant, or, in limited circumstances, in
connection with accreditation or oversight review;
foster care and adoption agencies; third party reim-
bursers for reimbursement purposes, with the requisite
authorization; insurance institutions for purposes
other than reimbursement; by court order, in limited
circumstances; parole; probation; the medical director
of a local correctional facility; the New York City
Department of Corrections, and Federal, State or local
agencies monitoring social service or health providers
for statistical purposes. In all other circumstances
disclosure of protected informa-tion without written
authorization violates the statute. In addition, any
disclosure pursuant to release must also be accompanied
or followed within 10 days by written notice of the
confidential nature of the information.
62. Miller v. Ravitch, 60 N.Y.2d 527, 532, 458 N.E.2d 1235,
137, 470 N.Y.S.2d 558, 560 (1983)(supervisor could not
be required to give up promotion after onset of
disability which made performance of some duties
difficult).
63. Nemhauser v. NYU Pension and Welfare Plan, Decision and
Order, Complaint No. EM00377-7/27/88, New York City
Commission on Human Rights, February 22, 1990, at p. 26
of Administrative Law Judge's Recommended Decision and
Order dated November 21, 1989 ("This tribunal finds no
exception in the [New York City Administrative] Code
[City Human Rights Law] for permitting discrimination
on the basis of the possibility of future illness.")
64. State Division of Human Rights (McDermott) v. Xerox
Corp., 65 N.Y.2d 213, 218, 480 N.E.2d 695, 697, 491
N.Y.S.2d 106, 108 (1985).
65. Rulings by New York State Division of Human Rights,
F.E.P. Manual vol. 8B, 455:3161, (BNA); State Division
of Human Rights (Granelle) v. City of New York, 70
N.Y.2d 100, 107, 510 N.E.2d 799, 802, 517 N.Y.S.2d 715,
718 (1987).
66. Antonsen v. Ward, NYLJ July 6, 1989, p. 24, col. 1, N.Y.
S. Ct. N.Y. County; Mantolete v. Bolger, 767 F.2d 1416,
1422-23 (9th Cir. 1985).
67. E.E. Black Ltd. v. Marshall, 497 F. Supp. 1088, 1104
(D. Hawaii 1980).
68. See, New York Exec. Law Secs. 292(21), 296.
69. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(b)(1); (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14(b)(1); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec.
56.8(b)(7); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.14 (b)(1); (DOEn)
10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69(b)(1); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec.
101-8.308(b)(1); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(b)(1);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(b)(1); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(b)(1); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R Sec. 42.513(b)(1); (DOL)
29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(b)(1); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.34(a)(1); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(b)(1); (DOT)
49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.37(b)(1); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.15(b)(1); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Secs. 18.414(b)(1).
70. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.12(b)(2); (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Sec. 8b.14(b)(2); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec.
56.8(b)(7)(ii); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.14(b)(2);
(DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.69(b)(2); (GSA) 41 C.F.R.
Sec. 101-8.308(b)(2); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.14(b)(2);
(HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.13(b)(2); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.213(b)(2); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.513(b)(2); (DOL)
29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.15(b)(2); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.34(a)(2); (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.4(e);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.14(b)(2); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.37(b)(2); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.15(b)(2); (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.414(b)(2).
71. State Exec. Law Sec. 296(1)(d).
72. City Admin. Code Secs. 8-107; 8-108; State Exec. Law
Sec. 296(1)(a); (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 1232.9(c)(5),
(6); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.11(b)(3); (DOD) 32
C.F.R. Secs. 56.8(b)(2)(v), (vi); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R.
Secs. 104.11(b)(5), (6); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Secs.
1040.66(b)(5), (6); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Secs. 7.60(c)(5),
(6); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Secs. 101-8.305(d)(5), (6); (HHS)
45 C.F.R. Secs. 84.11(b)(5), (6); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Secs.
8.10(c)(5), (6); (DOI) 43 C.F.R Secs. 17.210(b)(5),
(6); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.510(b)(5), (6) (DOL) 29
C.F.R. Secs. 32.12(b)(5), (6); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Secs.
1151.31(d)(5), (6); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Secs. 142.11(b)(5),
(6); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Secs. 27.31(b)(5), (6); (USDA) 7
C.F.R. Secs. 15b.12(b)(5), (6); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Secs.
18.411(b)(5), (6); (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.6(e).
73. State Division of Human Rights (McDermott) v. Xerox
Corp., 65 N.Y.2d 213, 218, 480 N.E.2d 695, 697, 491
N.Y.2d 106, 108 (1985).
74. Miller v. Ravitch, 60 N.Y.2d 527, 532, 458 N.E.2d 1235,
1237, 470 N.Y.S. 2d 558, 560 (1983).
75. See School Board of Nassau County v. Arline, 480 U.S.
273 (1987).
76. See (HHS), Appendix A, 45 C.F.R. Part 84.
77. City Human Rights Law, Admin. Code Secs. 8-102.9,
8-107.2, 8-108; State Human Rights Law, Exec. Law Secs.
292.2, 296.2, 296.14; State Civil Rights Law Art. 4-B.
78. Exec. Law Secs. 292.21, 296.2, 296.4. While public
schools are not covered by the public accommodations
provisions of State and City Human Rights Laws, they
are covered by similar provisions of Federal laws,
including the Education of the Handicapped Act, 20
U.S.C. Sec. 1400 et seq. (which is beyond the scope of
this book) and, of course, Sec. 504 of the Rehabilita-
tion Act, 29 U.S.C. Sec. 794.
79. Admin. Code Secs. 8-102.9, 8-107.2, 8-107.4, 8-108.
80. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R Sec. 1232.13; (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.15; (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(c)(1); (DOEd) 34
C.F.R. Sec. 104.21; (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.71;
(GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.309(a); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
84.21; (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.20; (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.216; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.56); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R.
Sec. 42.520; (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.26; (DOS) 22
C.F.R. Sec. 142.15; (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.63; (USDA)
7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.17; (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.421.
81. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.3(j)(2); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.3(h)(3) - also defined in reference to post
secondary and vocational education services, 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.3(2); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.3(f)(2); (DOEd)
34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.3(k)(4); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
1040.62(e)(4) - also defined in reference to
educational programs; (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.25; (GSA)
41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.301(d)(4); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
84.3(k)(4); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.3; (DOI) 43 C.F.R.
Sec. 17.202(k)(4); (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28
C.F.R. Sec. 41.32; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.540(l)(2);
(DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.3; (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1151.12(b); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.3(k)(4); (DOT) 49
C.F.R. Sec. 27.5; (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.3(n)(4);
(VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.403(k)(4).
82. (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.16(c).
The following regulations apply to recipients who
employ 15 or more persons: (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.4(b)(7); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Secs. 104.44(d), 104.52(d)
- applies to postsecondary education, as well as
health, welfare and social services, respectively;
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 84.44(d), 84.52(d) - applies to
postsecondary education, as well as health, welfare and
social services, respectively; (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.250(d) - applies to providers of health, welfare and
social services; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.503(f); (DOL)
29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.4(b)(7); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Secs.
142.44(d), 142.62(d) - applies to postsecondary
educational programs, as well as health, welfare and
social services, respectively; (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Secs.
15b.32(d), 15b.37; (VA) 38 C.F.R. Secs. 18.443(d),
18.452(d) - applies to postsecondary educational
programs, as well as health, welfare and social
services, respectively.
Rothschild v. Grottenthaler, 716 F. Supp. 796 (on
motion to dismiss); 725 F. Supp. 776 (S.D.N.Y. 1989);
see Alexander v. Choate, 469 U.S. 287, 301 (1984)
(meaningful access required); Dopico v. Goldschmidt,
687 F.2d 644, 652 (2d Cir. 1982) (some affirmative
action required). New York City Administrative Code
Secs. 8-108, 8-102.16(e); Tartaglia v. Jack LaLanne
Fitness Centers, Inc., New York City Commission on
Human Rights, Complaint No. 04153182-PA, Decision and
Order, pages 21-22; 18; 19 (June 12, 1986); see New
York City Commission on Human Rights, Gertrude Kass and
Bernard Kass v. United Veterans Mutual Housing, No. 2
Corp., New York City Commission on Human Rights,
Complaint No. EM00936-08/14/87-DE, Recommended Decision
and Order, pages 5-6 (April 4, 1990).
83. A recipient shall operate each program or activity so
that the program or activity, when viewed in its
entirety, is readily accessible to and usable by
persons with disabilities. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
1232.14(a); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec. 8b.17(a); (DOD) 32
C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(c)(2) - additional provisions
regarding historic properties; (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec.
104.22(a) - additional provisions regarding education
programs; (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec. 1040.72(a); (EPA) 40
C.F.R. Sec. 7.65(a); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.309(b);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.22(a); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Secs.
8.21(c), 8.24(a); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.217(a); (DOJ
coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.57; (DOJ)
28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.521(a); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. 32.27(a);
(NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.22(a); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.16(a); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.65(a); (USDA) 7
C.F.R. Sec. 15b.18(a) - additional provisions regarding
historic sites; (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.422(a) -
additional provisions regarding education and health
services.
84. City Admin. Code Secs. 8-107, 8-108; State Exec. Law
Sec. 296; see State Division of Human Rights v. Cross
and Brown, 83 A.D.2d 993, 443 N.Y.S.2d 671 (1st Dep't
1981) (affirming without opinion an order of the State
Human Rights Commission requiring accessibility to a
commercial office building; the case was brought by
someone who could not gain access to an Parking
Violations Bureau office to protest a ticket); New York
City Commission on Human Rights, Gertrude Kass and
Bernard Kass v. United Veterans Mutual Housing, No. 2
Corp., New York City Commission on Human Rights,
Complaint No. EM00936-08/14/87-DE, Recommended Decision
and Order, pages 5-6 (April 4, 1990) (quoting Tartaglia
v. Jack LaLanne Fitness Centers, Inc., New York City
Commission on Human Rights, Complaint No. 04153182-PA,
Decision and Order, page 21 (June 12, 1986).
85. Federal Architectural Barriers Act, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 4151
et seq.
86. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.14(b); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.17(b); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(c)(2)(ii);
(DOEd) 34 C.F.R. 104.22; (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. 1040.72(b);
(EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.65(c); (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Secs.
101-8.309(c), (e); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.22; (HUD) 24
C.F.R. Sec. 8.24 - deadline is July 11, 1991; (DOI) 43
C.F.R. Sec. 17.217(b); (DOJ coordinating regulations)
28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.57(b); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
42.521(d); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Secs. 32.27(c), (d); (NEA)
45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.22(c); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Secs.
142.16(b), (c); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.65(c)(check
regulations for specific provisions for airports,
railroads and highways); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.18(f); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Secs. 18.422(b), (d).
87. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.14(c); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.17(e); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(c)(2)(ii);
(DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.22(e); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
1040.72(d); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.75; (GSA) 41 C.F.R.
Sec. 101-8.309(f); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.22(e); (HUD)
24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.21(b)(4); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.217(e); (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R.
Sec. 41.57(c); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.521(d); (DOL) 29
C.F.R. Sec. 32.27(e); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.22(d);
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.16(d); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.65(d); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.18(g); (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.422(e).
88. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.15(a); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.18(b); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(c)(3); (DOEd)
34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.23(b); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
1040.73(b); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.65(e) - regulations
provide alterations to be done where financially
feasible; (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.310(b); (HUD) 24
C.F.R. Sec. 8.21(b); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.23(b);
(DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.218(b); (DOJ coordinating
regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.58; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
42.522(a); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.28(b); (NEA) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1151.23(a); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.17(b);
(DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.67(b); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.19(b); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.423(b). See New York
City Admin. Code Sec. 27-123.1.
89. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.15(a); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.18(a); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.8(c)(3); (DOEd)
34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.23(a); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R.Sec.
1040.73(a); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.70(a); (GSA) 41
C.F.R. 101-8.310(a); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.21(a);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.23(a); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.218(a); (DOJ coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R.
Sec. 41.58; (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.522(a); (DOL) 29
C.F.R. Sec. 32.28(a); (NEA) 45 C.F.R. 1151.23(a); (DOS)
22 C.F.R. 142.17(a); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.67(a);
(USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.19(a); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec.
18.423(a).
90. Federal Architectural Barriers Act, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 4151
et seq.
91. Admin. Code Secs. 27-123.1, 27-232, 27-292.1 et seq.,
et al. See especially Sec. 27-292.10.
92. 42 U.S.C. Sec. 3604.
93. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.5; (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Secs.
8b.5(a), (b); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.9(b) (DOEd) 34
C.F.R. Secs. 104.5(a), (b); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Secs.
1040.4(a), (b); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Secs. 7.80(a), (b);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 84.5(a), (b); (HUD) 24 C.F.R.
Sec. 8.50; (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Secs. 17.204(a), (b); (DOJ
coordinating regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.5 (a)(2);
(DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 42.504; (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.5;
(NEA) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 1151.41(a), (b); (DOS) 22 C.F.R.
Sec. 142.5(a), (b); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Secs. 27.9(a), (b);
(USDA) 7 C.F.R. Secs. 15b.5(a), (b); (VA) 38 C.F.R.
Secs. 18.405(a), (b).
94. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.7(c); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.6(c); (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.9(c); (DOEd) 34
C.F.R. Secs. 104.6(a)(2) & (c); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
1040.7(c); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.85(c); (GSA) 41
C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.313(a); (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Secs.
84.6(a)(2) & (c); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.51; (DOI) 43
C.F.R. Sec. 17.205(c); (DOJ coordinating regulations)
28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.5(b)(2); (DOJ) 28 C.F.R. Sec.
42.505(c); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.6(c)(1); (NEA) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1151.42(a); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec.
142.6(c)(1); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.11(c); (USDA) 7
C.F.R. Sec. 15b.8(c); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.406(c)(1).
95. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.7(a)(2); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.6(a)(2); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.6(a)(2);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 84.6(a)(2); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.205(a)(2); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.6(a)(2); (DOS) 22
C.F.R. Sec. 142.6(a)(2); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.11(a)(2); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.8(a)(2); (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.406(a)(2). See (DOJ coordinating
regulations) 28 C.F.R. Sec. 41.51(b)(1)(v).
96. (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.9(c)(2); (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Sec.
1040.7(d); (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.85(e); (GSA) 41
C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.313(b); (NEA) 45 C.F.R Sec.
1151.42(a)(4); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.6(c)(2); (DOT)
49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.11(c)(3); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec.
15b.8(c)(2).
The following Federal agencies require compliance by
recipients with 15 or more employees: (ACTION) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 1232.7(c)(2); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R. Sec.
8b.6(c); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.6(c)(2); (HHS) 45
C.F.R. Sec. 84.6(c)(2); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.51(b);
(DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec. 17.205(c)(2); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec.
32.6(c)(2); (VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.406(c)(2); (DOJ) 28
C.F.R. Sec. 42.505(c)(2) - applies to recipients of
$25,000 employing at least 50 employees.
97. (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.9(2); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec.
8.53; (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.45(b).
NEA provides that a recipient may adopt a grievance
procedure. 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.43.
The following agencies require recipients employing 15
or more to adopt grievance procedures: (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Sec. 8b.7(b); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.7(b);
(EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.90; (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec.
84.7(b); (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.53(b); (DOI) 43 C.F.R.
Sec. 17.206(b); (DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.7(b) (DOT) 49
C.F.R. Sec. 27.13(b); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.6(b);
(VA) 38 C.F.R. Sec. 18.407(b).
DOJ makes such a requirement for agencies receiving
$25,000 and employing 50 or more employees. 28 C.F.R.
Sec. 42.505(e).
98. Executive Order 12250.
99. Many Federal agencies, rather than setting forth the
details of an enforcement procedure, refer to the
procedural provisions of Title VI of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964. Title VI prohibits exclusion from partici-
pation in, denial of benefits of, and discrimination
under Federally assisted programs on the basis of race,
color or national origin. (42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000d.)
Federal agencies have issued regulations to effectuate
that objective. (42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000d-1). Compliance
may be effected (1) by the termination of or refusal to
grant or to continue assistance under such program or
activity to any recipient as to whom there has been an
express finding on the record, after opportunity for
hearing, of a failure to comply with such requirement,
or (2) by any other means authorized by law. Such
action will not be taken until there has been notifica-
tion of the failure to comply and there has been a
determination that compliance cannot be secured by
voluntary means. Id.
(ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.16 - this section cites
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; (DOCom) 15
C.F.R. Sec. 8b.26 - reference to Title VI; (DOD) 36
C.F.R. Sec. 56.9; (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.61 - cites
Title VI; (DOEn) 10 C.F.R. Subparts G, H; (EPA) 40
C.F.R. Subpart E; (GSA) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 101-8.312 -
cites Title VI; (HHS) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 84.61 - cites
Title VI; (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Secs. 8.55-8.71; (DOI) 43
C.F.R. Sec. 17.280 - reference to Title VI; (DOJ) 28
C.F.R. Sec. 42.530 (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Secs. 32.46, 32.47;
(NEA) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1151.44 - reference to Title VI;
(DOS) 22 C.F.R. Sec. 142.70 - reference to Title VI;
(DOT) 49 C.F.R. Secs. 27.121, 27.123, 27.125; (USDA) 7
C.F.R. Sec. 15b.42 - reference to Title VI; (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.461 - reference to Title VI.
100. (EPA) 40 C.F.R. Sec. 7.85 - recipients shall maintain
the following information to show compliance: (1) a
brief description of any lawsuits pending against the
recipient alleging discrimination; (2) a log of
discrimination complaints including action taken in
response to each complaint; (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.55 -
recipients shall prepare and keep compliance reports in
the form and containing the information requested by
HUD's civil rights official; (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.49
- records regarding complaints and actions taken in
response to the complaints are to be maintained for at
least three years; (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.121 -
complaints of noncompliance received shall be kept on
file for one year; records summarizing the complaints
will be kept for five years; additionally, recipients
will complete compliance reports in the form and
containing the information required by DOT representa-
tives; in preparing those reports, recipients need to
obtain compliance reports from subrecipients.
101. (ACTION) 45 C.F.R. Sec. 1232.7(a)(2); (DOCom) 15 C.F.R.
Sec. 8b.6(a)(2); (DOEd) 34 C.F.R. Sec. 104.6(a)(2);
(HHS) 45 C.F.R. Secs. 84.6(a)(2); (DOI) 43 C.F.R. Sec.
17.205(a)(2); (DOL) 29 C.F.R. Sec. 32.6(a)(2); (DOS) 22
C.F.R. Sec. 142.6(a)(2); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec.
27.11(a)(2); (USDA) 7 C.F.R. Sec. 15b.8(a)(2); (VA) 38
C.F.R. Sec. 18.406(a)(2).
102. (DOD) 32 C.F.R. Sec. 56.9(e); (EPA) 40 C.F.R Sec.
7.100; (HUD) 24 C.F.R. Sec. 8.56(k); (DOL) 29 C.F.R.
Sec. 32.45(g); (DOT) 49 C.F.R. Sec. 27.123(e).
103. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Subpart B.
104. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.26.
105. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.52.
106. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.28.
107. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.26(g).
108. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.28(b).
109. (OFCCP) 41 C.F.R. Sec. 60-741.51.
110. City Admin. Code Sec. 8-101 et seq.
111. Admin. Code Sec. 8-109(1).
112. Admin. Code Sec. 8-109(2).
113. Admin. Code Secs. 8-109 - 8-111.
114. Admin. Code Sec. 8-107(1)(e).
115. State Exec. Law Sec. 297(5).
116. Exec. Law Sec. 299.
117. State General Municipal Law Sec. 239-s.
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